HIF1A and Thiamine deficiency: Although increased levels of α-KG are expected to induce HIF1A degradation and would thus have opposite effects on HIF1A signaling compared to above described effect, the consequences of increased α-KG levels, as reported in thiamine deficiency (Bettendorff et al., 1995), on α-KG-induced nuclear signaling pathways, have not been studied in detail.