IGF1R and Alzheimer disease: In AD mouse models long term suppression of IGF-IR signaling has been linked to reduced neuronal loss, greater resistance to oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and Aβ aggregation, and has been associated with prolonged preservation of spatial memory and a reduction of behavioral deficits, even when plasma Aβ levels increased (Cohen et al., 2009; Freude et al., 2009; Gontier et al., 2015; George et al., 2017).