Rather consistent with our findings regarding PDK4 expression in liver tissue and CRLM, a recent study revealed that PDK4 expression was significantly more abundant in tumour-adjacent liver tissue than in primary liver tumours.28 In contrast to our findings, however, a previous translational study reported significantly up-regulated PDK4 mRNA expression within CRC tissue compared to healthy colon mucosa.29 This may in part be due to differences in patient characteristics between the two studies. This evidence concerns the gene PDK4 and colorectal carcinoma.