High numbers of tumour-infiltrating CD3+ T cells (pan T cell marker), CD4+ T cells (T helper (Th) cell marker) or CD8+ T cells (T cytotoxic (Tcyt) marker) were usually associated with somewhat longer survival, whereas high numbers of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ T-regulatory cells showed significant association with decreased survival in two of the five studies addressing this cell type. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and neoplasm.