Previous studies using Cox regression analysis identified male gender [14, 15, 19, 23, 24], single marital status [11, 15], bedridden functional status [3, 11–13, 23], advanced WHO clinical stage [3, 8, 11–15, 22–25], underweight [11, 13, 14, 19], low CD4 count [3, 11, 14, 19, 22, 23], severe anaemia [8, 11, 14, 19, 22, 25], and older age [13, 15, 19, 23] as independent risk factors of mortality among PLHIV which was not seen in this study. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia (phenotype).