CEA and NSE have been applied as biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of several cancer types, including as a means of monitoring recurrence and evaluating prognosis in NSCLCs53–57, but these markers only performed moderately well as a means to diagnose NSCLCs in our training cohort (sensitivity 33.80%, specificity 92.30%; sensitivity 21.30%, specificity 89.80%, respectively). Here, ENO2 is linked to cancer.