ADAR and infection: It was shown that a significant number of human SNPs appear to have arisen by AID/APOBEC and ADAR deaminations leading to the germline incorporation of these SNPs over evolutionary time‐scales.17 Another TSM application has been used to show that the range of “spontaneous” mutations arising in RNA (and DNA) viral genomes early in acute phases of Flavivirus (eg, ZIKV, HCV) and Hepadnavirus (eg, HBV) infections are due to the viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase replicases incorporating AID/APOBEC and ADAR‐mediated deaminations as transition mutations into viral progeny genomes.18