There is therefore great potential for M1/M2 TAMs to secrete various stimulators of ISG pathways and thus directly affect both activity and gene expression of the APOBEC and ADAR family proteins in target cancer cells.44 The M2 state (anti‐inflammatory state) may also directly activate elevated “deaminase binding domain shuffling” (per Table 1), generating functional protein heterodimers during the second stage of cancer progression (metastasis). Here, ADAR is linked to cancer.