IL6 and esophageal cancer: Similarly, YAP confers some CSC properties, such as sphere formation and chemoresistance, on hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, osteosarcoma, and basal-like breast cancer cells by coordinating the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and stemness marker proteins such as SOX2, SOX9, and CD90 [35, 36, 37, 38].