TOLLIP and Q fever: Regardless of the mechanism by which MyD88 counteracts the spread and replication of NMII, the relevance of the findings in the mouse model for the course of human Q fever disease is indicated by a recent investigation of genetic variation in pattern recognition receptors and adapter proteins in patients with chronic Q fever and controls with previous exposure to C. burnetii, which identified a SNP in the Myd88 promoter (-938C>A) with susceptibility to develop chronic Q fever (11).