ACKR3 may also become upregulated in an unknown mechanism of tumor resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) where it could be identified as an independent factor for overall survival in the glioblastoma microenvironment (53), in line with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations (IDH) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) (54, 55). Here, ACKR3 is linked to neoplasm.