BRAF and melanoma: Metastatic melanoma is highly chemoresistant and there is actually no effective treatment, indeed 5-year survival does not exceed 15% in patients with metastatic disease.(Singh and Salama, 2016) Over 50% of melanomas carrying activating V600E mutations in BRAF (BRAFV600E), an oncogene known to be critical for melanoma proliferation and survival.(Davies et al., 2002) In fact, despite BRAF represents an attractive target for melanoma drug development, responses to BRAF inhibitors are often brief, and resistance rapidly emerges (Solit and Rosen, 2011).