People with diabetes were 1.16 times more likely to develop albuminuria after a diabetes duration of 10.4 years (irrespective of their HbA1c), the risk of albuminuria increased by 8% for each 0.9% increase in the HbA1c, and the people with albuminuria were 1.3 times more likely to be on insulin compared to people who had normoalbuminuria. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.