STING1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In addition, the N153S SAVI mouse model has recently been shown to develop a combined innate and adaptive immunodeficiency that leads to pulmonary fibrosis upon viral infection.42 Although STING hyperactivation is difficult to study in humans, a recent report supports that at least the T cell imbalance is caused by impaired proliferation observed in V155M SAVI patient cells.43 Furthermore, STING activation affected T cell proliferation independent of TBK1, IRF3, and type I IFNs.