However, upon infection with S. pneumoniae, cultures derived from healthy controls showed ASC/Caspase-1 foci formation in ~45% of cells (Fig. 5A) whereas only ~25% of cultures from patients with A-T showed these foci (Fig. 5B), providing evidence that a defect at the level of inflammasome complex assembly occurs in the absence of ATM. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and infection.