The great development in molecular biology during recent decades has led to a major advance in the search for novel biomarkers for early detection of AKI [45], as evident by the discovery of several key biomarkers of myocardial injury with various specificity and sensitivity, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), netrin-1 and IL18 [45,46,47,48]. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury.