DCC and medical procedure: Among these genes, CaM, RTK, PLA genes were involved in the RAS signaling pathway; Gadd45 and Fas genes belong to the P53 signaling pathway; APC, DCC, Smad2, Smad4, Bax, hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH3 and hMSH6 genes were involved in the COLORECTAL cancer pathway; K-Ras, EGFR, FHIT, RASSF1 and RARβ genes belong to NON-SMALL CELL LUNG cancer signaling pathway; PTEN, BRCA1, BRCA2, PI3K, and CCND1were involved in the BREAST cancer signaling pathway.