In humans, the CAR agonist phenobarbital has been reported to decrease plasma glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes (103, 108, 109), and though PXR is particularly promiscuous, activation of PXR by rifampicin, statins, and other pharmaceuticals have been reported to induce hyperglycemia in patients and increase the risk of developing diabetes (106). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.