The input for these analyses were: VHL mutation/methylation status, tumour stage, mRNA subtype (as identified in the original TCGA analysis using hierarchical clustering analysis9), and the 3 most frequent chromosomal alterations observed in ccRCC: loss of chromosome 3p (i.a. containing the 4 most commonly mutated genes, i.e. VHL, PBRM1, BAP1 and SETD29), gain of chromosome 5q (i.a. containing the SQSTM1 gene, increasing resistance to redox stress10) and loss of chromosome 14q (i.a. containing the HIF1A gene and the ASPP1 gene, a recently identified regulator of p53 activity11). This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.