VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration: Herein, we analyzed the effects of exogenously added EO on the viable cell numbers, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, gene expression of Caspase-3, SOD2, PGC-1α, MT-RNR2, and VEGF, and against amyloid-β-induced toxicity in AMD RPE transmitochondrial cybrid cell lines in vitro.