In spite of the different clinical symptoms, 15% of FTD cases also exhibit ALS phenotypes, whereas 15% of ALS cases have FTD with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive inclusions in the cortical neurons, and at least 50% of ALS cases show subtler cognitive and/or behavioral problems [10,11,12]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.