TGFB1 and neoplasm: Our previous studies clarified that transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) from GC cells stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) fibrogenesis.5, 6, 7 HPMC fibrosis, as a critical mediator of GCPD, promoted tumor cell adhesion and invasion.7