PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Meanwhile, preclinical studies have shown that activation of EGFR signaling pathways involved in the production of PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies are effective in mouse models with EGFR mutant‐driven tumors.18, 19, 20 In fact, 2 patients with EGFR mutations survived for more than 5 years in a phase 1 study of nivolumab treatment.