MALAT1 and infection: To confirm these findings, we used specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to knockdown endogenous MALAT1 in HEK293T cells (Supplementary Figure S3A), and observed significantly diminished infection of a single-cycle infectious HIV-Luc/VSV-G virus (Supplementary Figure S3B), and significantly decreased expression of gag mRNA (Supplementary Figure S3C).