Previous studies using the myeloma 5TMM mouse model demonstrated the involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the homing and progression of MM (118), and revealed the reduction of both processes by in vivo neutralization of CXCL12 with olaptesed-pegol (NOX-A12) (115). Here, CXCR4 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.