In mouse, rat, and pig models of myocardial infarction, intramyocardial injection of modified mRNA encoding VEGF-A165 (VEGF-A mRNA) led to elevated cardiac VEGF-A protein levels and improved heart function and survival, which were associated with improved formation of new blood vessels around the infarct7,10. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and myocardial infarction.