For example, EGF expression is known to correlate inversely with CKD, renal fibrosis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.23, 31 Changes in renal expression of 2 other genes (LTF and SLPI) were linked to acute kidney injury.32, 33LTF is an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant factor providing an innate line of defense against a host of injury stimuli.34 Here, SLPI is linked to chronic kidney disease.