KRAS and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome: PTPN11, RAF1,BRAF, and MAP2K1 (OMIM 176872) are mutated for NSML; while BRAF, KRAS, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 (OMIM 601263) are causative genes for CFC syndrome (Pandit et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2007; Tartaglia et al., 2010).