INS and Insulin resistance: In another case control study that assessed the degree of basal insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion (IS) using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) among 146 patients with T2DM and 33 healthy controls performed in an urban hospital in Nigeria, IR and reduced IS prevalence among the T2DM patients was 95.5 and 74.7% respectively [7], demonstrating a high dual burden of IR and pancreatic beta cell secretory dysfunction.