Despite the observed NPM1-mutated-specific immune responses in our patients, any evidence of epitope spreading to other antigens, present on leukemic blasts and potentially inducing T-cell responses targeting AML cells, namely WT1, PRAME, RHAMM, proteinase 3 or survivin, cannot be excluded [7, 15, 25, 26]. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.