NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: To further reinforce this hypothesis, Kuzelova et al. identified a skewed HLA distribution in AML patients, and documented that individuals expressing HLA alleles suitable for presenting NPM1-derived peptides should be less prone to develop NPM1-mutated AML.10 Indeed, a few HLA class I alleles, mainly B*07, B*18 and B*40, showed a strikingly reduced incidence in the NPM1-mutated patient group compared to healthy controls, as well as with NPM1-wild type AML patients.