NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: As expected for founder genetic lesions, they are also stable throughout the course of the disease, with NPM1 mutations almost invariably documented in patients experiencing AML relapse [4] Most importantly, NPM1 mutations result in structural changes of the C-terminus of the NPM1 protein, with subsequent aberrant cytoplasmic delocalization, leading to perturbations in multiple cellular pathways, critical for leukemogenesis [1, 4].