CTLA4 and cancer: Furthermore, Lou and colleagues examined the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), PROSPECT (Profiling of Resistance patterns and Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Evaluation of Cancers of the Thorax), and BATTLE-1 (Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination) datasets and found that adenocarcinomas displaying a mesenchymal phenotype are associated with a distinct tumor microenvironment that includes elevated levels of PD1, PDL1, PDL2, TIM3, BTLA, and CTLA4 [41].