Further, use of alternative surrogate variables—such as verbal episodic memory performance (rather than MMSE scores) as a reflection of cognitive impairment, and lifetime intellectual enrichment (rather than, or in addition to, the AMNART or educational attainment) as a reflection of cognitive resilience—as well as newer biomarkers such as Tau-PET might produce a more optimal model. Here, MAPT is linked to Cognitive impairment.