Similarly, DMC induced autophagic flux in several human cell lines (U2OS, colorectal carcinoma HCT116, hepatoma HepG2), as determined by immunochemical detection of LC3 lipidation (LC3-II) and microscopic detection of cytoplasmic GFP-LC3 dots in the absence or presence of chloroquine, which stalls lysosomal autophagosome degradation (Fig. 2i, j, Supplementary Fig. 6a–h). This evidence concerns the gene MAP1LC3A and hepatocellular carcinoma.