Because high endogenous serum CSTC levels serve as biomarkers that are strongly linked to poor kidney function (9, 10) and cardiovascular damage (11), we sought to evaluate how MDR NDM-1 K. pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 2146)-induced pneumonia and/or rCST treatment affected endogenous CST9 and CSTC serum levels. The gene discussed is CST9; the disease is susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.