IL1B and Sepsis: During sepsis, the activation of Kupffer cells can activate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which further accelerates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which form the cytokine cascade, and eventually leads to cell apoptosis and multiple organ dysfunction [3,4].