Based on this batch of animals, in the present study, we found that the basal serum glucose and insulin levels of the PEE male offspring rats were decreased at GD20, however, transient insulin resistance appeared at PW6, manifesting as increased basal serum glucose and insulin levels and IRI, which is similar to the finding of age-dependent insulin resistance in a childhood cohort study (41). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.