Jazwa et al. (2011) also showed that Nrf2 activation upregulates brain HO-1 and NQO1 expression and prevents SN neuronal death as induced by MPTP, a neurotoxin PD model. Furthermore, the link between Nrf2 and PD is also supported by studies showing that antiparkinsonian drugs (e.g., apomorphine, deprenyl, and bromocriptine) can activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway and Nrf2-dependent gene expression, preventing cell oxidative damage and neurodegeneration (Hara et al., 2006; Nakaso et al., 2006; Lim et al., 2008; Kabel et al., 2018). Here, HMOX1 is linked to Parkinson disease.