Shrimali et al. demonstrated that the concurrent addition of a PD-1 checkpoint blockade to an anti-OX40 antibody offset the antitumour effect of only the anti-OX40 antibody because of the reduction in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumour and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells in both the periphery and tumour [78]. Here, TNFRSF4 is linked to neoplasm.