A number of different strategies have been used to target CSF1 signaling in monocytes and Mφs, including mAbs, small molecules, and RNA‐based approaches.132 CSF1 antisense oligonucleotide or small interfering RNAs improved survival in mice bearing human mammary tumor xenografts, which was associated with reduced Mφ infiltration and tumor vascularization.133 Abs against CSF1 or CSF1R have been effective at impairing tumor growth in mouse models of pancreatic cancer,72 breast cancer,134 and glioma,135 among others. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.