GH1 and neoplasm: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GH-related genes are associated with the risk of developing osteosarcoma, breast, and colon cancer.67–69 Recently, a P495T variant of the GHR that is associated with increased incidence of lung cancer in various ethnic groups was shown to prolong GH signaling, which leads to increased expression of genes associated with tumor proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.70 The amino acid change at position 495 impairs SOCS2 binding and leads to a reduced downregulation of the receptor.