IL2 and melanoma: Using a similar gp100 peptide vaccine to that used in the Hodi et al. ipilimumab trial, Schwartzentruber and colleagues evaluated the vaccine in combination with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with advanced melanoma.149 In this randomized phase III clinical trial, the combination showed a significant improvement in objective response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients treated with IL-2 alone.