ALYREF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Additionally, as mRNA export factor ALYREF [70, 73, 83] and Ran GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP, regulator of nucleocytoplasmic transport) [31] colocalize with RNA foci (observed in C9FTD/ALS brains) and their function is disrupted, it seems that not only DPRs can lead to aberration of nucleocytoplasmic transport but also HRE-containing RNAs.