CTLA-4 integrates with the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) that express on the surfaces of APCs (Fife and Bluestone, 2008), while PD-L1 is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, including tumor-associated fibroblasts, tumor cells, APCs, etc. (Boussiotis, 2016). Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.