CD4 and metabolic syndrome: B lymphocytes are recruited within the liver in NAFLD patients, in parallel with the worsening of parenchymal injury and lobular inflammation.33 In our previous study, we evidenced that intrahepatic B lymphocytes promoted NAFLD by secreting pro‐inflammatory cytokines, enhancing the activation of CD4+ T cells and their differentiation into Th1 cells.34 Apart from intrahepatic B cells, the effects of B cells from circulation or EAT on metabolic syndrome have also been described in several studies,35, 36 but whether B cells from spleen or EAT can migrate to the liver is unknown.