MPC1 and cancer: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is one of the key enzymes responsible for pyruvate transportation and oxidation7–9, MPC1 deficiency or inactivation accelerates aerobic glycolysis and malignant progression in diverse types of cancer, such as colon cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas6,10.