The CXCR3-CXCL9/CXCL10 axis has been well-studied in the progression of T1D, showing that CXCR3 is involved in initial recruitment of T cells to the islets, and is required for effective recruitment of regulatory T cells to NOD islets (21, 39–41). Here, CXCL10 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.