IL4 and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: In the present study, we found relatively less tissue eosinophilia and a lower ratio of ECP/MPO in CRSsNP patients; however, Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), eosinophilic chemokines (CCL-11 and CCL-24), ECP, and total IgE were significantly increased in CRSsNP patients, compared with those in control subjects.