A novel molecular mechanism was shown that HAI-2 serves as a novel non-covalent inhibitor of plasmin and suppresses the protease-induced activations of pro-HGF, pro-TGF-β1 and MMP-2/9 as well as ECM degradation, leading to reducing lung cancer cell motility, EMT, and metastasis (Fig. 6i). Here, TGFB1 is linked to lung carcinoma.