MTOR and immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome: Recent studies suggest that autophagy regulates intracellular degradation of type I collagen.13 Treatment with rapamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, activates autophagy and reduces active colitis, IPEX (Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) and IPEX-like enteropathy in children.14,15 Conversely, inactivation of the autophagy pathway causes accumulation of type I collagen and promotes fibrosis in kidney.16 However, whether autophagy inactivation has the same promoting-effect in intestinal fibrosis remains unclear.