As Plcb2−/− mice had significantly higher mRNA levels of Tnf (Fig. 2a), Il6 (Fig. 2b) and Il12 (Fig. 2c) and little changed viral loads (Supplementary Fig. 6a) compared with wild-type mice after CVA16 infection, we next monitored the survival and histopathological pathogenesis of mice challenged with CVA16. Here, TNF is linked to infection.