This study revealed that serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in PM/DM patients than in healthy controls and pulmonary infection patients, suggesting that MCP-1 and TGF-β1 can be used for the early prediction, as well as the prognosis of DM/PM complicated with ILD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and interstitial lung disease.